Because of their resonant origin, they tend to stay essentially the same when the frequency of the fundamental is changed. They are usually associated with, but not necessarily equal to some sort of resonance of the source. The term formant refers to peaks in the harmonic spectrum of a complex sound. Further discussion of Fant's presentationĮxamples of the changing shapes of the vocal mechanism in a process called articulation as it forms different vowel sounds. The normal ear is able to clearly distinguish those differences. The intent here is to illustrate the role of the articulators and to point to the fact that their action has a major influence on the harmonic content of the voiced sounds. The emphasis should be on "roughly" since I don't know how close the correlation is. These are the vowels classified as IPA, , and and roughly correlate with the vowels represented in the spectra from Benade. The sketches at left above are adapted from Gunnar Fant's "Acoustic theory of speech production" and are reportedly sketches taken from x-rays of the head during the production of these sounds. The jaw position and lips also play a major part. Note the prominent role of the tongue in this process. The peaks in the vowel spectra are called vocal formants. The vocal resonances are altered by the articulators to form distinguishable vowel sounds.
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